Other important structures include the lacrimal sac, medial canthal tendon (MCT), and trochlea. The anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries are found at the junction of the medial orbital wall and orbital roof. The medial rectus muscle is closely related to the medial orbital wall and can be entrapped when damaged. The lamina papyracea is a thin bone separating the orbital cavity from the ethmoid sinuses and is frequently damaged in trauma. The medial orbital wall is made up by the frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid, and sphenoid bone. Regardless of the fracture complexity, the principles of atraumatic technique, anatomic reduction, and stable fixation apply in all cases. A variety of surgical approaches to the orbit exist as has been discussed allowing the surgeon access to all area of interest. Orbital trauma encompasses a wide variety of mechanisms of injury and resulting fracture patterns. Successful fracture management requires a detailed understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology to ensure restoration of the patients' preoperative state. Timing of operative repair as well as reconstructive method is dictated by the patient's individual presentation. However, bony disruption can cause enophthalmos, hypophthalmos, telecanthus, epiphora, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, orbital hematoma, and even blindness to name a few. Not all orbital fractures require operative repair. Orbital trauma can result in a wide variety of complications in form and function. Articles were examined by all authors and pertinent information was gleaned for the purpose of generating this review. Various search terms were used to identify articles regarding orbital trauma presentation, diagnosis, management, as well as postoperative complications. A thorough literature review was conducted using PubMed analyzing articles relevant to the subject matter. The authors review the literature on reconstructive techniques focusing on fractures of the orbital rim, orbital roof, orbital floor, medial orbital wall, and naso-orbito-ethmoid complex. Orbital trauma is a frequent cause of damage to these structures. The orbit is contained within a complex bony architecture with overlying soft tissue that involves many important anatomical structures.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |